Air Ais gus do Ghàidhlig a Thoirt Air Adhart	Back in Time to Take Your Gaelic Forward
Mar eacarsaich shònraichte do luchd ionnsachaidh, tha CLI a' tòiseachadh san iris seo earrann anns am faighear an teacs le notaichean is eadar-theangachadh de shia prògraman rèidio as an t-sreath fhada "Bho Chionn Ceud Bliadhna" aig Rèidio nan Gàidheal. Anns na prògraman tha an t-ùghdar, an neach naidheachd cliùiteach as an Eilean Sgitheanach Màrtainn Dòmhnallach, a' toirt dealbh dhuinn air na bha dol air a' Ghàidhealtachd agus anns na h-Eileanan mar a nochd iad anns na pàipearan Gàidhealach ceud bliadhna air ais.	As a special tuition exercise for Gaelic learners, CLI starts in this issue a section in which will be presented the annotated text with translation of six programmes from the long-running Radio nan Gàidheal series "Bho Chionn Ceud Bliadhna" - a hundred years ago. In the programmes the author, the well-regarded journalist and native of Skye Martin MacDonald gives us an idea of what was going on in the Highlands and Islands a hundred years ago as reported in the Highland papers of the time.
Tha CLI fada an comain an dà chuid Màrtainn Dòmhnallaich agus BBC Rèidio nan Gàidheal air son cead na prògraman a chleachdadh, agus air an riochd teip de Cothrom (faic duilleag 5) gheibh thu am prògram fhèin le guth Mhàrtainn.	CLI is much indebted to both Martin MacDonald and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal for permission to use the programmes, and on the cassette version of Cothrom (see page 5) you will find the recorded programme featuring Martin's voice.
Bidh an stuth seo feumail do luchd ionnsachaidh adhartach, ach faodaidh e a bhith air a chleachdadh le daoine aig ìre nas ìsle ma thèid iad aig astar nas socraiche. Molaidh sinn na dòighean cleachdaidh a leanas:	These materials will be useful to advanced learners, but may also be used by learners at a lower level if they go forward at a slower, more suitable speed. We would recommend the following approaches:
Anns a' chiad àite, dh'fhaodadh tu fàs eòlach air an teip gun a bhith a' coimhead air an teacs. Cleachd na geàrr-iomraidhean mar stiùireadh. Cluich i uair an dèidh uair gu cùramach nuair a thachras tu air earrannan no abairtean far a bheil duilgheadasan agad a thaobh tuigse.	In the first place, you could become familiar with the tape without looking at the text. Use the short introductions as a guide. Play it time after time carefully when you come across sections or expressions where you experience difficulties in understanding.
Leugh an earrann agus feuch gum bi thu ag obrachadh a-mach na cèille bhon t-suidheachadh cho math 's as urrainn dhut. Feuch nach bi thu an eisimeil ris an eadar-theangachadh gu ìre ro mhòr. Faodaidh tu coimeas a dhèanamh eadar a' Ghàidhlig agus a' Bheurla air son tuigse nas doimhne fhaighinn. Bu chòir aire a bhith air a thoirt don mhìneachadh agus do na notaichean. Aon uair 's gu bheil thu a' faireachdainn gu bheil thu eòlach air na h-earrannan èisteachd is sgrìobhte, faodaidh tu do chuid sgilean a leasachadh mar a leanas:.	Read the section and try to work out the meaning from the context as well as you can. Try not to depend on the translation to too great a degree. You may compare the Gaelic to the English to get a deeper understanding. Attention should be given to the explanation and the notes. When you feel you are familiar with the listening and written sections you may improve your skills as follows:
Sgilean Conaltraidh - Leugh a-mach an teacs. Èist ris an earrainn agus dèan coimeas eadar na dhà. Dèan a-rithist e gus am bi thu nas pongaile agus toilichte le do chuid fhuaimneachaidh.	Speaking Skills - Read out the text. Listen to the section and compare between the two. Do it again until you are more precise and happy with your pronunciation.
Sgilean Sgrìobhaidh - Èist ris an teip agus sgrìobh sìos na rosgrannan ann an Gàidhlig. Faodaidh tu do chuid sgrìobhaidh a cheartachadh bhon teacs fhèin. 'Se seòrsa de dheachdadh a th'ann.	Writing Skills - Listen to the tape and write down the sentences in Gaelic. You may correct your writing from the texts. This is a type of dictation.
Geàrr-iomradh	Summary
Anns a' chiad phrògram tha iomradh air eucoireachd air a' Ghàidhealtachd, agus tha fiosrachadh air Tormod MacLeòid, an 22 triath air Clann MhicLeòid Dhun Bheagain - a bheatha agus a bhàs. Aig an deireadh tha beagan ann air òr ann an Cataibh agus duilgheadasan le aiseagan ann an Stafainn.	In the first programme are details on crime in the Highlands, and a report on Norman MacLeod of Dunvegan, the 22nd chief of Clan MacLeod - his life and death. Finally there is a little about gold in Sutherland and about difficulties with ferries in Staffin.
Teacs	Translation
Bha eucoireachd mhì-laghail a' sìor mheudachadh ann an Siorrachd Rois, a rèir figrichean a leig ceannard a' pholais ma sgaoil air an t-seachdain seo bho chionn ceud bliadhna. Bha am polas air còrr math is mìle neach a chur an grèim sa bhliadhna roimhe sin, agus bha sin còrr is dà cheud a bharrachd air na chuir iad an grèim a bhòn-uiridh. B'ann air Taobh Siar Rois a bha leth dhen àrdachadh, mòran dhe co-cheangailte ri deoch is aimhreit am measg nan nàbhaidhean a bha a' leudachadh an rèile bhon t-Sròm do Chaol Loch Aillse.	Crime was ever-increasing in Ross-shire according to figures released by the Chief Constable of the county, this week a hundred years ago. The police had arrested a good many more than a thousand people in the previous year, and that was in excess of 200 more than they had arrested the year before last. Half of the increase was in Wester Ross, much of it connected with drink and trouble among the navvies extending the railway from Stromeferry to Kyle of Lochalsh.
Chaidh trì fichead neach a chur an grèim an sgìre Loch Aillse fhèin, far nach robh ach aon deug an sàs a bhòn-uiridh. B'ann, an Rois an Ear, le ceud trì fichead is deich neach an grèim, bu lugha an cron. Bha Rois an Iar, a bha a' gabhail a-staigh Inbhir Pheofharain son nam figrichean, agus Eilean Leòdhais an ìre mhath co-ionann, le beagan is ceithir cheud neach an urra an sàs. B'e pàrantan nach robh a' cur na cloinne dhan sgoil a bh'ann am mòran dhe na nochd sa chùirt ann an Leòdhas.	Sixty people had been arrested in the parish of Lochalsh itself, where there had been only 11 arrested the year before last. It was in Easter Ross with 170 people arrested that there was least damage. Wester Ross which included Dingwall in the statistics and the Isle of Lewis were pretty well equal, each with slightly over 400 people arrested. Many of those who appeared in court in Lewis were parents who were not putting their children to school.
Bha Steòrnabhagh fhèin fada na bu mhiosa na àite sam bith eile san t-siorrachd; is neònach nach ann a chionn 's gun robh uiread de dh'iasgairean ga thadhal. Nochd dà cheud is trì fichead neach air casaid air choreigin ann, còrr math is a dhà uiread na chaidh a chur an grèim an Inbhir Pheofharain, ceannbhaile na siorrachd. Anns an treas àite, sgìre Bharbhais ann an Leòdhas le faisg air ceithir fichead neach an grèim. Agus na sgìrean bu laghail 's bu shìtheile? Loch Carrann is Ceann t-Sàile gun ach còignear an urra an sàs, agus na b'fheàrr buileach Gleann Seile, far nach deach ach aon duine a chur an grèim.	Stornoway was much worse than any other place in the country; no doubt because there were so many fishermen visiting it. 260 people appeared on some charge or other, much more than twice the number arrested in Dingwall the capital of the county. In the third place the parish of Barvas in Lewis with almost 80 people under arrest. And the most law-abiding and peaceful parishes? Loch Carron and Kintail with only five each under arrest, and best of all Glen Shiel where only one man was arrested.
Air feadh na siorrachd air fad bha an deoch air lethcheud is seachd per cent dhen fheadhainn a chaidh a chur an sàs nuair a fhuaradh ri cron iad.	Throughout the whole county 57% of those arrested were drunk when discovered breaking the law.
Bha naidheachd as an Fhraing aig a h-uile pàipear Gàidhealach gun robh Tormod MacLeòid, an dàrna triath thar fhichead air Clann MhicLeòid Dhun Bheagain, air am bàs fhaotainn am Paris agus e ceithir fichead sa dhà. Ged a b'ann an Harrow a fhuair e sgoil agus ged a dheasaich e son a bhith na fhear lagh' an Lunnainn, bha meas aig tuath an Eilein Sgitheanaich air nach robh aca air mòran eile dhe na h-uachdarain neo na cinn feadhna.	Every Highland newspaper had news from France that Norman MacLeod, the 22nd chief of the MacLeods of Dunvegan, had died in Paris aged 82. Although he had been educated in Harrow and although he had prepared to become a lawyer in London the Skye tenantry had a respect for him that they did not have for many other of the landowners or chiefs.
Thill e Dhun Bheagain nuair a chaochail 'athair ann an ochd ceud deug 's còig deug thar fhichead is fhuair e a-mach gun robh an oighreachd gu dubh ann am fiachan. Bha 'athair is a sheanair, a bha air tuath Mhinginis is Bhràcadail fhuadach na bu tràithe san linn, air barrachd cosg na cosnadh a dhèanamh. Ach a dh'aindeoin sin, dh'fhan e an Dun Bheagain is rinn e a dhìcheall ris an oighreachd a chur air stèidh a-rithist.	He returned to Dunvegan when his father died in 1835 and he discovered that the estate was deeply in debt. His father and grandfather, who had evicted the tenantry of Minginish and Bracadale earlier in the century, had spent more than they had earned. But in spite of that he stayed in Dunvegan and he did his best to stabilise the estate again.
Ach ann an ochd ceud deug dà fhichead sa sia - a' bhliadhna lobh am buntàta, mar a chanadh daoine - bhuail gort is acras is an dubh èiginn an t-Eilean Sgitheanach mar a bhuail iad an còrr dhen Ghàidhealtachd. Rinn MacLeòid rud nach d'rinn mòran eile dhe na cinn feadhna - chosg e tomhas dhe chuid airgid fhèin a' feuchainn ri càs an t-sluaigh a leasachadh. An ceann dà bhliadhna is gann a bha sgillinn ruadh aige air fhàgail, chaidh oighreachd Dhun Bheagain a chur fo chùram urrasairean, is chaidh Tormod MacLeòid a Lunnainn a thòiseachadh, aig aois seachd deug thar fhichead, mar chlèireach glè ìseal ann an Roinn na Dachaigh dhen riaghaltas. An ceann deich bliadhna fichead, agus beagan àrdachaidh dreuchd, thàinig e as le peinnsean.	But in 1846 - the year the potatoes rotted, as people used to say - famine and hunger and dire necessity hit the Isle of Skye as they hit the rest of the Highlands. MacLeod did something which not many other of the chiefs did - he spent a portion of his own money trying to relieve the distress of the tenantry. In two years time he had scarcely a brown penny left. Dunvegan estate was put in the care of trustees and Norman MacLeod went to London to begin, at the age of 37, as a very junior grade clerk in the government's Home Office. At the end of 30 years and a little promotion in his work he retired with a pension.
Bha eadar trì is ceithir cheud aig a thiodhlagadh ann an Cladh Dun Bheagain air a' cheathramh latha deug dhen mhìos seo bho chionn ceud bliadhna, is a rèir nam pàipearan bha mòran a bharrachd air a bhith ann mura b'e cho fìor dhona 's a bha an t-sìde le sneachd is fuachd is reothadh. B'e an t-oighre a mhac, an Caiptean Tormod Mànas MacLeòid a bha air a bhith na shaighdear sna h-Innsean agus ann an Afraga, ach bha esan na laighe sa chaisteal le droch chnatan, is cha b'urrainn dha bruaich na h-uaigh a ruigheachd.	There were between three and four hundred at his funeral in the Dunvegan churchyard on the 14th of this month a hundred years ago and according to the newspapers many more would have been there were it not that the weather was so very bad with snow and cold and frost. The heir was his son, Captain Norman Magnus MacLeod who had been a soldier in India and Africa, but he was lying in the castle with a bad cold and was unable to reach the graveside.
Chuala Comhairle Shiorrachd Chataibh gun robh Diùc Chataibh air aontachadh cead a thoirt dhaibh feuchainn am b'fhiach obair an òir a thòiseachadh ann an Srath Chill Donnain a-rithist. Bha na h-uiread de cheudan air beòshlaint air choreigin a thoirt à òr a lorg ann an abhainn an t-Sratha mu chòig bliadhna fichead na bu tràithe. Ach bha riaghailtean aig an Diùc mun ghnothach - b'e sin gun cumadh iad an cladhach gu aon acaire fearainn, nach biodh barrachd air fichead neach an sàs ann, nach maireadh e ach beagan mhìosan, is an uair sin gun d'rachadh meas a dhèanamh air a' ghnothach le cuideigin neo-eisimeileach.	Sutherland County Council had heard that the Duke of Sutherland had given them permission to see if it was worthwhile to begin work on gold in the Strath of Kildonan again. Several hundred had taken some sort of livelihood from searching for gold in the river of the strath about 25 years earlier. But the Duke had rules regarding the matter - namely that they would restrict their mining to one acre of land; that there would be no more than 20 people engaged in it; that it would last for only a few months and then that the matter should be assessed by an independent person.
Dh'aontaich a' chomhairle dhol air adhart leis a' ghnothach son ceithir mìosan bho thoiseach na h-Ògmhios, agus feuchainn ri daoine a mhuinntir an àite lorg air a shon, agus nan robh iad air a bhith ris an obair roimhe 'se buileach a b'fheàrr. Ach chan fhaigheadh iad pàigheadh ach gun d'rachadh na lorgadh iad de dh'òr - nan lorgadh iad biod idir dheth - a roinn nam measg. Dh'fhàg iad co-dhùnadh mu dhuine neo-eisimeileach son meas a dhèanamh air cùisean gun ath choinneamh, ach gun robh iad cinnteach gur e duine comasach a dh'fheumadh a bhith ann oir bha amharas aca nach robh dhìth air mòran de dh'uaislean is de thuathanaich na siorrachd ach feuchainn ris an Diùc a thionndadh an aghaidh a' ghnothaich nam faigheadh iad leisgeul sam bith.	The council agreed to proceed with the matter for four months from the beginning of June, and to try to find natives of the place for it, and if they had been engaged in the work previously that would be best of all. They left off coming to a conclusion about an independent person assessing the matter until the next meeting, except that they were certain he would have to be a capable man, for they suspected that all that the country gentry and farmers wanted was to try to turn the Duke against the affair if they could get any excuse at all.
Chruinnich muinntir Stafainn san Eilean Sgitheanach gu Eaglais Steinnseal oidhche Dhiar-Daoin a ghearan gun robh an Lochiel air stad a thadhal san loch bhon a chaidh cidhe ùr Uige fhosgladh. Bhiodh an Lochiel a' fàgail Phort Ruigh trì tursan san t-seachdain - Di-Màirt, Diar-Daoin is Di-Sathairne - son an Tairbeirt, Roghadal is Loch nam Madadh, is a' tilleadh a Phort Ruighe taobh Dhun Bheagain is Uige an ath latha.	The people of Staffin in Skye gathered to the Stenscholl church on Thursday night to complain that the Lochiel stopped calling in at the loch since the new pier at Uig was opened. The Lochiel would leave Portree three times weekly - Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday - for Tarbert, Rodel and Lochmaddy and return to Portree by way of Dunvegan and Uig the next day.
Fad còig bliadhna bha sgoth air a coinneachadh an Stafainn air a sligh' a-mach, ach a-nise bha bathar Stafainn ga chur air tìr an Uige nuair a bha i tilleadh. A bharrachd air a bhith latha na b'fhaide ruigheachd Stafainn bha cosgais ann ga tharraing deich mìle thar a' bhealaich. Am bolla mine a b'àbhaist tastan is trì sgillinn a chosg an Stafainn bha e nise cosg dhà uiread sin - leth chrùn. Dh'aontaich a' choinneamh gearan ri Rùnaire na Stàite mun chùis. Sin cuid dhe na bha dol air Ghàidhealtachd air an t-seachdain seo bho chionn ceud bliadhna.	For five years a boat had met her in Staffin on her outward journey, but now the Staffin goods were put ashore in Uig when she was returning. In addition to being a day later in arriving, there was a cost involved hauling them 10 miles over the hill pass. The boll of meal that usually cost one shilling and three pence in Staffin, now cost twice that amount - half a crown. The meeting agreed to complain to the Secretary of State. That is some of what was happening in the Highlands this week a hundred years ago.